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Bitcoin uses peer-to-peer technology to operate with no central authority or banks; managing transactions and the issuing of bitcoins is performed collectively by the network. Bitcoin is open-source; its design is public, nobody owns or controls Bitcoin and everyone can participate. Through many of its unique properties, Bitcoin enables exciting uses that could not be dealt with by any previous payment system. .
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Bitcoin () is a cryptocurrency, a kind of electronic cash. It's a decentralized digital currency with no central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user-to-user on the peer reviewed bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries.7
Transactions are verified by network nodes via cryptography and listed in a public dispersed ledger known as a blockchain. Bitcoin was invented by an unknown person or group of individuals using the name Satoshi Nakamoto9 and published as open-source software in 2009.10 Bitcoins are created as a reward for a process known as mining.
Research produced by the University of Cambridge estimates that in 2017, there were 2.9 to 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin.12.
Bitcoin has been criticized for its use in prohibited transactions, its high electricity consumption, cost volatility, thefts from exchanges, and also the possibility that bitcoin is an economic bubble.13 Bitcoin has also been used as an investment, although several regulatory agencies have issued investor alerts about bitcoin.14
The domain name"bitcoin.org" was registered on 18 August 2008.15 On 31 October 2008, a link to a paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System5 was submitted to some cryptography mailing list.16 Nakamoto implemented the bitcoin software as open-source code and released it in January 2009.171810 Nakamoto's identity remains unknown.9.
In January 2009, the bitcoin network was made when Nakamoto mined the first block of the chain, known as the genesis block.1920 Embedded in the try here coinbase of this cube was the following text:"The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks. site link "10 This note has been interpreted as both a timestamp and a comment on the instability brought on by fractional-reserve banking.21:18.
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The recipient of the first bitcoin transaction was cypherpunk Hal Finney, that created the first reusable proof-of-work system (RPOW) in 2004.22 Finney downloaded the bitcoin software on its release , and on 12 January 2009 received ten bitcoins from Nakamoto.2324 Other ancient cypherpunk fans were founders of bitcoin predecessors: Wei Dai, founder of b-money, and Nick Szabo, founder of bit golden.25 In 2010, the earliest known business transaction using bitcoin occurred when developer Laszlo Hanyecz bought two Papa John's pizzas for 10,000 bitcoin.26.
Nakamoto is estimated to have mined one million bitcoins27 before disappearing in 2010, when he handed the network awake crucial and control of the code repository over Gavin Andresen. Andresen afterwards became lead programmer at the Bitcoin Foundation.2829 Andresen then sought to decentralize control. This abandoned opportunity for controversy to grow over the future development course of bitcoin.3029.
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After ancient"proof-of-concept" transactions, the first significant users of bitcoin were black markets, such as Silk Road. During its 30 months of existence, beginning in February 2011, Silk Road exclusively accepted bitcoins as payment, transacting 9.9 million in bitcoins, value about $214 million.31:222
In 2011, the price started at $0.30 per bitcoin, growing to $5.27 for the year. The price rose to $31.50 on 8 June. Within a month that the cost fell to $11.00. The next month it fell to $7.80, and in another month to $4.77.32
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Litecoin, an early bitcoin spin-off or altcoin, appeared in October 2011.33 Many altcoins have been created since then.34
In March 2013 the blockchain temporarily split into two independent chains with different rules. The 2 blockchains operated simultaneously for half an hour, each using its own version of the transaction history. Normal operation was revived when the vast majority of the network downgraded to version 0.7 of their bitcoin software.37 The Mt.
Gox experienced processing delays because of insufficient capacity44 resulting in the bitcoin price dropping from $266 to $76 prior to returning to $160 within six hours.45 The bitcoin price rose to $259 on 10 April, but then dropped by 83 percent to $45 within the next three times.35 On 15 May 2013, US authorities captured accounts associated with Mt.